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master-thesis-presentation/introduction.typ
2025-09-18 00:20:41 +02:00

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#import "globals.typ": *
= Simulating the Epoch of Reionization
// == The Epoch of Reionization
// - Marks the universes last major phase transition: from neutral to ionized hydrogen.
// - Shapes the large-scale structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM).
// - Is strongly linked to the formation and growth of the first galaxies and black holes.
// - Sets the stage for many observables:
// - CMB secondary anisotropies
// - 21-cm signal
// - high-z galaxy surveys.
// // reformulate
== The 21-cm signal
The _brigthtness temperature_ describes the intensity of the 21-cm line
#v(1em)
#grid(columns: 2, align: center, column-gutter: 1em)[
#image("assets/cmb_and_dtb.jpeg", height: 1fr, fit: "contain") #text(size: 0.8em)[from @cmb_spectrum]
][
#pause
#set text(size: 0.8em)
remove contribution from the BB spectrum
_differential brightness temperature_
$==>$ the actual reionization signal
#image("assets/brighness_temperature.png", fit: "contain")
from @Schaeffer_2023
]
#pagebreak()
== Expression the 21-cm signal @Pritchard2012 @Furlanetto_2006
#align(center)[
#image("assets/evolution_of_dtb.png", height: 70%, fit: "contain")
// #text(size: 0.8em)[from @Pritchard2012]
]
#pause
$
d T_"b" (bold(x), z) tilde.eq T_0 (z) dot
#pin(1) x_"HI" (bold(x), z) #pin(2) dot
(1 + delta_b (bold(x), z)) dot
(x_alpha (bold(x), z)) / (#pin(3) 1 + x_alpha (bold(x), z) #pin(4) ) dot
((1 - T_"CMB" (z)) / (#pin(5) T_"gas" (bold(x), z) #pin(6)))
$ <eq:dTb>
== The current state of simulations
#layouts.contained(
[
*Traditional approaches*
// From first principles
$->$ need to cover large dynamic range
// small scales to resolve sources + sinks + feedback
// large scales to capture statistics
$->$ hydrodynamics & radiative transfer
$->$ hard to scale
$=>$ no reproducibility
#pause
],
[
#pad(1em)[
#align(left)[
#text(weight: "bold")[Semi-numerical approaches]
such as #beorn @Schaeffer_2023, `21cmFAST` @21cmfast
// IF ASKED: difference with `21cmFAST`:
// based on excursion formalistm -> only valid >= 1Mpc, which is ideal for large volumes + statistics => 21-cm forecasts
$->$ approximative treatment
$->$ prediction of global signals
// and statisticical properties
$->$ scalable + efficient
$=>$ reproducible and flexible
// interesting to build emulators for instance
]
]
]
)